Breakthroughs Blog: WHO

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.Last Thursday, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially launched its mRNA vaccine technology hub in Cape Town, South Africa. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the facility was established in response to global vaccine access inequity to pursue mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and potentially other poverty-related diseases. South African biotech firm Afrigen Biologics and vaccine producer Biovac are working with the publicly available sequence of Moderna’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccine to create a similar vaccine candidate, which will be tested on humans early next year. The candidate will the first to be made based on a widely used vaccine (like Moderna’s) without the developer’s approval and assistance and the first mRNA vaccine designed, developed, and produced at lab scale on the African continent.The White House plans to nominate cancer surgeon Dr. Monica Bertagnolli to become the director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), succeeding Dr. Francis Collins, who stepped down in 2021. Dr. Bertagnolli has served as the director of the National Cancer Institute since last fall. If confirmed by the Senate, she will inherit COVID-19 pandemic-era challenges around increased scrutiny of the agency’s funding of virus research, including grants to EcoHealth Alliance, which studied coronaviruses in Wuhan, China.Two studies published last week found that repurposed drug combinations lowered the risk of severe COVID-19 in high-risk patients. Stanford University researchers looked at the combination of the antidepressant fluvoxamine and the corticosteroid budesonide among nonhospitalized adults with early symptomatic COVID-19 and at least one risk factor. A second team from Weill Cornell Medicine looked at the combination of the monoclonal antibodies amubarvimab and romlusevimab in nonhospitalized adult COVID-19 patients with high-risk factors. Using combinations of repurposed drugs to treat severe COVID-19 (if successful in further testing) could prove to be an important tool in reducing the burden of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries, where oral therapeutics for COVID-19 are largely unavailable.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.The World Health Organization (WHO) recently warned about the limited pipeline of new antibiotics for drug-resistant bacteria in a report based on a review published by WHO in 2022. The report found that only 12 new antibiotics entered the market between 2017 and 2021. Additionally, the report found that although 27 experimental antibiotics for critical bacterial infections are in clinical development, only 6 of those are considered different enough from existing antibiotics to potentially be used against drug-resistant pathogens without concern. Without a steady stream of novel antibiotics entering the pipeline and market, bacterial infections will become increasingly dangerous as bacteria continues to develop resistance to existing drugs.A new study from researchers at HDT Bio found that a new type of RNA vaccine against HIV and the Zika virus generated strong antibody responses in pregnant rabbits and their offspring. More studies will be necessary to confirm that vaccinating the mother alone is enough to protect against infection in the offspring, as well as to optimize vaccination timing and to see if the results can translate to humans. If successful, the vaccine could be an important tool in preventing mother-to-child transmission of these viruses and reducing the disease burden in newborns.A new study from researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, supported by the US National Institutes of Health, found that HIV can persist in myeloid cells, a subset of white blood cells, in people who have been virally suppressed for years through antiretroviral therapy. The researchers emphasized that these findings challenge the long-held idea that these cells are short-lived, proving instead that these cells may contribute to an HIV reservoir and could be an important target in the development of a cure. Larger studies with more diverse participant pools will be needed to identify the proportion of people who show latent HIV in myeloid cells, as well as the mechanisms that replenish this reservoir over time.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced efforts to fast-track the testing of vaccines and therapeutics for Marburg following the recent outbreaks in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea. Those trials should get underway soon, said WHO officials, as four or five of the 28 potential candidates already have doses ready. In the meantime, contact tracing, isolation, and supportive care are being used to prevent transmission in the countries. A lack of laboratory capacity in Equatorial Guinea has so far prevented the timely identification of cases, but the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention is working to provide technical support, as well as build infrastructure and capacity to improve testing, which will be important in upcoming trials.Last week, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warned about the recent, rapid spread of the drug-resistant fungus Candida auris, or C. auris, in health care facilities and highlighted the serious risk the fungus poses to immunocompromised individuals. C. auris is resistant to typical antifungal treatments, and developing a vaccine for the fungus would likely take many years. There are currently no approved vaccines for any form of fungal infections. One vaccine candidate, being developed with support from the US National Institutes of Health, is designed to be cross-protective against several fungal pathogens, potentially including C. auris, although a phase 1 clinical trial is over a year away.Executives at three of the world’s leading flu vaccine manufacturers—GSK, Moderna, and CSL Sequiris— have said that they are preparing the capacity to develop hundreds of millions of avian flu shots within months if a new strain of avian flu jumps to humans. The companies are already or will soon begin testing sample human vaccines that match the subtype currently circulating among birds and mammals. Sanofi has also expressed its readiness to begin production, alongside its stock of existing H5N1 vaccines. However, there is concern about how to ensure equitable global access to such vaccines in the case of an outbreak, given a substantial portion of doses are already reserved for wealthy countries through preexisting preparedness contracts.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.Last week, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it is slowing down Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) of new in vitro diagnostics for COVID-19 and Mpox. The agency will continue reviewing tests that have already been submitted for authorization and is expected to review only some additional tests from experienced developers that use innovative technological approaches, fill a gap in need, or demonstrate potential for wide public health benefits. Instead, the agency is encouraging most developers to submit their tests through different review processes. Despite the end of the national emergency declaration for the COVID-19 pandemic on May 11, the 440 EUAs already granted will remain in effect as long as a separate agency-level EUA declaration determined by FDA continues.The World Health Organization (WHO) convened an emergency meeting of the Marburg virus vaccine consortium following the confirmation of the first-ever Marburg outbreak in Equatorial Guinea. During the meeting, five vaccine developers shared updates on their vaccine candidates for the disease. WHO is taking steps toward pursuing a real-time clinical trial for some of the candidates in alignment with the already-approved WHO clinical trial protocol for Marburg vaccines (which needs to be adapted to the country context) and in consultation with country officials. Sabin Vaccine Institute and Janssen’s candidates are in phase 1 clinical trials, while IAVI, Public Health Vaccines, and Auro Vaccines’ candidates are still in the pre-clinical development stage.A new study published last week found that a drug tested in mice could potentially be used as a birth control option for men. If successful in further trials, the drug would work as an on-demand contraceptive compared to other male contraceptives in the pipeline, like daily pills and gels, that researchers say are more complicated, time-consuming, and long-lasting. The drug works by preventing a molecular action from turning sperm “on” and activating them to pursue an egg. The researchers have founded a new company to move forward development of the drug but note it will likely be years before it is ready for testing in men.