Kim Lufkin

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. A group at the World Health Assembly this week announced that it will combine four different proposals that aim to fund research and development for neglected diseases of the developing world. The Senate Committee on Appropriations has approved its fiscal year 2013 State and Foreign Operations appropriations bill. The bill includes funding for global health programs at the US Agency for International Development and the State Department. Leaders from about 50 research agencies have announced the creation of the Global Research Council, a forum that will examine issues important to science agencies worldwide. Malaria stakeholders, donors, and partners recently launched the Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management, which will address growing mosquito resistance to at least one class of insecticides around the world.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. On HIV Vaccine Awareness Day, GHTC members the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and AVAC have released new materials and data on the search for and potential impact of this new prevention tool. The House Appropriations Committee voted on its fiscal year 2013 State and Foreign Operations Appropriations bill and released a report that clarifies its funding intentions for global health programs. The GHTC and Policy Cures stress that all stages of research—from early science to the later stages of product development—are critical to the successful creation of new global health tools. A Food and Drug Administration advisory panel has recommended that the agency approve the first over-the-counter HIV test, a kit that could return results for consumers in the privacy of their homes.

With the ever-present specter of federal budget reductions that could impact global health and development programs, the GHTC’s event on Friday to launch our new report couldn’t have come at a better time. The report, released by the GHTC and Policy Cures, provides new and exciting data on US investments over the past 10 years in global health research and development (R&D). It confirms that support from the US Government and its federal agencies has not only contributed to the largest pipeline of new global health products in history, but also that these investments make smart economic sense domestically. Dr. Javier Guzman, director of research at Policy Cures, shared the report’s main findings at Friday’s event, which was co-hosted by Research!America. Guzman outlined that the US Government has contributed significantly to global health R&D—indeed, the United States is the largest funder of R&D efforts worldwide, contributing $12.7 billion from 2000 to 2010. This support has translated into the largest pipeline of new global health drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and other products, over half of which are supported by the United States. The US Government “needs to keep this momentum going” because “investments in global health R&D really work,” Guzman said. Guzman also stressed a key theme that emerged during the event—that of partnerships. According to Guzman, critical partnerships have formed between the US Government and the active global health R&D community that has emerged over the past ten years. This community includes philanthropic organizations, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, academic institutions, and non-profit groups. The success of these partnerships can be seen in the development and delivery of new health tools like the Xpert ® MTB/RIF test for tuberculosis (TB), which Guzman said is projected to save 100,000 lives every year in India alone. Javier Guzman, Lee Hall, Eric Easom, and Heather Ignatius. Photo credit: PATH Dr. Lee Hall—chief of the Parasitology and International Programs Branch at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)—also spoke about the importance of partnerships to his branch at the National Institutes of Health. According to Hall, partnerships between NIAID and academic institutions, industry, endemic country governments, and global organizations are “essential” to translating research into effective products. And Heather Ignatius, senior manager for policy at the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, stressed that product development partnerships (PDPs) like her organization rely on collaboration with philanthropic organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which is currently the top funder of PDPs worldwide, as well as governments and industry groups. Additionally, the panelists emphasized how supporting R&D for new global health tools ultimately benefits the United States. Hall discussed how when President Roosevelt dedicated the NIH in 1940, he identified global health as a priority for the agency. “What perhaps started for humanitarian reasons also has benefits for the US,” Hall said, adding that better health products are needed in this era where infectious diseases know no borders. Guzman also shared how global health R&D creates jobs for Americans and boosts the economy. In 2007, for example, federal support for global health R&D paid $540 million in wages for employees in California. And Eric Easom, program leader for neglected diseases at the California biotechnology company Anacor Pharmaceuticals, reinforced this point when he said that conducting global health R&D allows his company to provide jobs for talented researchers and employees who “truly care about this work. It’s the reason we got into this business in the first place.” Finally, speakers addressed how continued support for research to develop new global health products has the potential to make an enormous impact across the globe. When discussing Anacor’s partnership with the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative to develop a new treatment for sleeping sickness, Easom said that the drug candidate is an “innovation that could totally change the game for patients” with the disease. Ignatius emphasized how the US Government must continue its support for global health R&D, and provide increased support for mechanisms like PDPs—much in line with the report recommendations. “We’re on the verge of developing and delivering drastically improved tools. They won’t get there if we can’t finish these final stages of testing,” she said, adding, “Donors must scale up their commitments, and we need increased involvement from the US Government. Now is the time.”

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. The National Institutes of Health has launched a new program that will pair researchers with certain pharmaceutical industry compounds to help scientists explore new treatment options for patients. The TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative and GHTC member Aeras have announced a new memorandum of understanding to strengthen collaborative efforts to advance the world’s most promising tuberculosis vaccine candidates. The Senate Appropriations Committee has approved fiscal year (FY) 2013 budget legislation for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The bill would provide the FDA with $2.524 billion for FY 2013, which is $12.5 million more than the spending plan submitted in February by President Obama and $27.47 million more than the current fiscal year. The House Appropriations Committee has proposed reducing the State and Foreign Operations account by more than $5 billion for FY 2013. The State and Foreign Operations account—which saw an overall increase in President Obama’s budget request—funds the US Agency for International Development and the State Department, as well as programs such as the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Results for Development Institute have released new reports that examine incentives for global health research and development. Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative have announced an agreement to collaborate on drug-compound screening for the neglected tropical diseases leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and sleeping sickness. Todd Park, US chief technology officer, discusses innovation efforts undertaken by the US Government, including the Entrepreneurs in Residence Program at the US Food and Drug Administration. The Institute of Medicine has released a report on how to make clinical trials more efficient and effective.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. The Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development: Financing and Coordination (CEWG) has released its final report. The report offers recommendations to close the funding gap in global health research and development. The Fogarty International Center and other programs at the National Institutes of Health are awarding about $20.3 million over the next five years to train the next generation of global health researchers and scientists. The US Agency for International Development (USAID) has released a new policy that aims to ensure the quality and integrity of the agency's scientific activities. The report recognizes that USAID is the US Government’s “lead international development agency, for which science and technology are critical means for improving the quality of peoples’ lives around the world.” A new study offers insight into promising new targets for future HIV vaccine efforts.